SAMR (Substitution, Augmentation, Modification, Redefinition)
Who created it
What is it
SAMR is a model that helps us look at the impact of technology on our classrooms. The model consists of four levels - Substitution, Augmentation, Modification, Redefinition – and is broken up into two stages – Enhancement and Transformation.
BREAKING DOWN THE MODEL
Enhancement
This stage consists of substitution and augmentation. It is where technology enhances the analogue version of the task.
Substitution: Technology is a direct substitute to a traditional method. It offers no functional change.
Example: Using a PDF handout instead of a paper handout.
Augmentation: Technology is a direct substitute to a traditional method. However, there are some functional changes.
Example: Adding audio to a PDF handout to make it more multimedia rich.
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Transformation
Transformation involves modification and redefinition. In this stage the technology changes and is a key driver in teaching and learning tasks.
Modification: Technology now transforms the classroom and the tasks being performed by a student.
Example: Using Google Doc to allow students to collaborate in real time through comments.
Redefinition: Technology now offers new opportunities, once previously thoughts inconceivable.
Example: Students share their Google Doc work with peers at another school and collaborate with others across space and time.
Why it’s useful
SAMR is a model that allows us to discuss, across disciplines, the various pedagogical uses of technology. It serves as a spectrum for understanding the use of technology in the classroom. As an example, teachers in mathematics can use this framework to spark conversation with faculty members in humanities. This allows interdisciplinary groups to discuss what is possible with technology, and potentially generalise it to their own context.
This model is also useful for individual practitioners to get a better understanding of ‘how’ they are using technology in their classroom. It can be used to interrogate their own choice in technologies and to reflect on different ways to improve the classroom experience.